Why Does My Gum Bleed During Scaling And Polishing?

Bleeding gums during scaling and polishing can be a sign of several things, often related to the condition of your gum tissue and overall oral health. Here is what it typically indicates:

1. Gingivitis or Gum Inflammation: One of the most common causes of bleeding gums during dental cleaning is gingivitis, which is an early stage of gum disease. Gingivitis occurs when plaque builds up along the gum line, leading to inflammation and irritation. When there is gum inflammation, the gums will look red and swollen, and will bleed easily, especially during brushing, flossing, or scaling.
2. Plaque and Tartar Build-up: If plaque (a sticky film of bacteria) turns into tartar (hardened plaque) and is not removed regularly, it can irritate the gums, leading to bleeding when the dentist or dental hygienist removes it during the scaling process. Tartar removal can sometimes cause temporary bleeding, especially if the gums are not in optimal health.
3. Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing can allow plaque and tartar to accumulate, irritating the gums and making them more prone to bleeding during cleaning. Regular oral care helps maintain healthy gums and reduces the likelihood of bleeding.
4. Periodontitis (Advanced Gum Disease): In more severe cases, bleeding gums can be a sign of periodontitis, an advanced form of gum disease. Periodontitis is a deeper form of inflammation that affects the bone and connective tissue supporting the teeth. It requires more intensive treatment and can cause bleeding even during routine cleanings.
5. Medications: Certain medications, such as blood thinners, can increase the likelihood of bleeding, including in the gums. If you’re taking medication that affects blood clotting, it may cause your gums to bleed more during scaling and polishing.
6. Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can make gums more sensitive and prone to bleeding; this is a condition known as pregnancy gingivitis.
7. Vitamin Deficiency: A deficiency in vitamins, particularly Vitamin C (scurvy), can weaken gum tissues, leading to easy bleeding.

While mild bleeding can be normal during scaling, if the bleeding is frequent, excessive, or if the gums appear very inflamed or painful, it is essential to follow up with your dentist or hygienist to rule out any underlying conditions and discuss proper oral hygiene practices.